The liquid lenses that we develop are based on the electrowetting phenomenon described below : a water drop is set onto a substrate made of metal, covered by a thin insulating layer.

   
   
 
   

The liquid lens uses two isodensity liquids, one is an insulator while the other is a conductor. The variation of the contact angle (Q) leads to a change of curvature of the liquid-liquid interface.
 

   
 
     
 
   
Large inverse focal length range
No moving parts
Direct electric control
Fast response (0.02s for a 5mm diameter)
Very good optical quality (wave-front distortions less than 1 micrometer)
Good transparency in the visible range
Operating temperature range : 10°C – 50°C mini
No hysteresis
Very good stability of the optical axis
Reduced electrical consumption
Good stability to shocks
   

 

  • B. Berge, including an english translation: "Electrocapillarité et mouillage de films isolants par l'eau ", Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 317, Série II, (1993) 157-163.

  • M. Vallet B. Berge, L. Vovelle, "Electrowetting of water and aqueous solutions on poly(ethylene terephtalate) insulating films" Polymer 37 (1996) 2465-2470.

  • M. Vallet, M. Vallade et B. Berge, "Limiting phenomena for the spreading of water on polymer films by electrowetting", Eur. Phys. J. B11 (1999) 583-591.

  • B. Berge and J. Peseux; "Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage: an application of electrowetting", Eur. Phys. J. E (2000) 3 p159-163.

  • Invited review paper : Quilliet C., Berge B. : "Electrowetting: a recent outbreak", Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science (2001) 6 :11-16

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